Substance Use Disorder

Understanding Substance Use Disorder (SUD)

Substance Use Disorder (SUD), also called addiction or substance dependence, is a chronic but treatable condition that alters brain function and behavior. It can reduce a person’s ability to manage their use of certain substances, even amid harmful outcomes. In 2022, nearly 50 million individuals aged 12 and older experienced SUD. This disorder can affect all parts of life, from relationships and work to physical health.

The DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) outlines ten distinct substance categories linked to SUD:

• Caffeine
• Cannabis
• Hallucinogens (e.g., PCP, DXM, MDMA)
• Inhalants (e.g., solvents, aerosols, nitrates)
• Opioids (e.g., heroin, fentanyl, prescription painkillers)
• Opioids, including heroin, fentanyl, and prescription painkillers
• Relaxants, sedative-hypnotics, or tranquilizers (e.g., benzodiazepines, barbiturates)
• Stimulant substances (like cocaine, meth, ADHD meds)
• Nicotine (e.g., cigarettes, cigars, chewing tobacco)
• Alternative Compounds (e.g., kratom, lab-made cannabinoids, emerging drugs)

Many individuals misuse multiple substances, which may result in multiple SUD diagnoses.

Causes of Substance Use Disorder

SUD often develops from complex behaviors and motivations. Here are several commonly cited factors:

Many individuals turn to substances to cope with stress, trauma, chronic pain, or co-occurring mental issues.

An adolescent’s curiosity or eagerness to belong can spark initial use, which over time may develop into dependence.

Someone can unintentionally develop a substance use disorder, especially when they use their prescription medications incorrectly.

Some substances are promoted or perceived as performance enhancers, driving people to use them for focus, energy, or looks—without guidance.

Spotting Substance Use Disorder

In Yourself:

• Persistent cravings
• Preoccupation with obtaining or using substances
• Needing larger amounts for the same effect
• Daily or multiple daily use
• Repeated unsuccessful efforts to quit
• Withdrawal symptoms when stopping

In Someone You Know:

• Sudden mood swings or agitation
• Withdrawal from family or long-time friends
• Financial instability
• Physical signs such as changes in appetite, tremors, or red eyes
• Bodily symptoms such as appetite shifts, shaky hands, or bloodshot eyes
• Prioritizing drug use over responsibilities

Diagnosing SUD: How It’s Done

A licensed clinician at Diligence Integrated Care will perform a detailed evaluation, including:

• Our licensed clinician at Diligence Integrated Care conducts a thorough evaluation process, including:
• Reviewing the client’s substance use, medical history, and mental health.
  • Utilizing DSM-5 guidelines to evaluate symptoms across these key domains: Using more than intended, trouble cutting back
  • Social Issues: Strained relationships, neglected responsibilities
  • Frayed connections, ignored obligations Using in dangerous situations or despite harm
  • Physical Dependence: Tolerance and withdrawal
• Conducting lab tests to check for drug presence
• Screening for co-occurring mental health issues

What Contributes to SUD?

No single factor leads to SUD; elements may play a role:

• Psychiatric conditions like PTSD, persistent anxiety, or major depression
• Inherited factors or brain chemistry variations
• Peer pressure, especially among younger individuals.
• Traumatic or unstable environments
• Chronic physical pain

Remember that having these risk factors doesn’t necessarily guarantee someone will develop SUD, and others may get it without obvious warning signs or indicators.

Dual Diagnosis: SUD and Other Mental Health Conditions

• Many individuals with SUD also struggle with other mental health issues. Recognizing and treating both is essential for sustained recovery. Common co-occurring conditions include:
• Anxiety disorders and PTSD
• Bipolar disorder
• Schizophrenia
• Personality disorders (e.g., borderline, antisocial)
• Personality conditions (e.g., borderline, antisocial)
• ADHD

Managing Life With SUD

If you or a loved one faces substance challenges, you’re not alone. At Diligence Care, our skilled clinical providers offer empathetic, personalized support and guide your recovery. Talking with someone you trust can be a vital first step in creating your support network.

Recovery frequently involves reshaping your daily habits. Many individuals discover a purpose by mastering a new hobby, exploring interests, or taking part in support groups. Regular physical activity and healthy social bonds help curb urges and enhance wellness.

Identifying an Emergency: When to Reach Out for Support

• Overdose symptoms: Unresponsiveness, difficulty breathing, chest pain, or seizures
• Unresponsiveness, breathing difficulty, chest pain, or seizures If someone is at risk of self-harm, call 911 or the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline
• If any individual faces risk of self-harm, call 911 or the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline. Hallucinations, extreme agitation, confusion, or seizures
• Perceptual shifts, agitation, confusion, or seizures Any drug-related emergency requiring urgent care
• Dangerous behavior: If someone is a danger to themselves or others